Sistema de control remoto para aplicaciones domóticas a través de internet

En el presente proyecto fin de carrera se desarrolla un sistema domótico completo para el control de diferentes elementos de una vivienda y para la obtención de parámetros de interés. El control del sistema se realiza remotamente a través de Internet. El PFC se enmarca dentro de un proyecto del HCTLab para disponer de un sistema domótico avanzado que se vaya ampliando y perfeccionando con el tiempo. En primer lugar, se realiza un análisis del estado del arte para conocer los tipos de sistemas domóticos existentes y poder seleccionar la alternativa más adecuada con el fin de cumplir los objetivos establecidos. Tras esto, se estudia el funcionamiento de las tecnologías y los equipos que se emplean a lo largo del proyecto. A continuación se realiza el diseño del sistema, es decir, se crea la red domótica de control que conecta inalámbricamente todos los nodos que formen parte del sistema, estableciéndose los parámetros de comunicación y de configuración. Como elementos fundamentales para crear esta red inalámbrica se usan módulos de radiofrecuencia (XBee). El desarrollo del sistema completo implica, además, el diseño y construcción de un nodo de control de red y de otro nodo periférico, de tal manera que éste último se pueda conectar y pueda controlar elementos habituales en una vivienda (luces, ventiladores, calefacción, etc.) y que, a través de sensores, sea capaz de recoger información de interés para el usuario (temperatura, humedad,etc.). El nodo de control va conectado a Internet y sirve de pasarela entre la red domótica inalámbrica y la red de internet. Se desarrolla una aplicación web que sirve de interfaz para que el usuario acceda al sistema y lo controle, permitiendo interactuar con cada uno de los dispositivos. El elemento fundamental del nodo de control es una tarjeta con microprocesador, denominada BeagleBone, que gobierna el sistema y donde se encuentra el software desarrollado. Por último se evalúa el sistema verificando que funciona y cumple los objetivos establecidos al inicio del proyecto.The aim of this project is to develop a complete home automation system to control different elements of the home and to obtain parameters of interest. The system will be controlled remotely via the internet. It forms part of a project of the HCTLab group to provide an advanced home automation system which will be expanded and improved over time. Firstly, we carry out research on the systems currently in use to obtain an overview of the home automation market and select the best alternatives in order to meet the objectives. After that, we will study the technologies and equipment to be used on the project. Then, we will design the wireless home automation network, which is formed of the nodes which are part of the system. We will set up configuration and communication parameters. For key elements in creating the network we will use XBee wireless communication modules. The development of the entire system also involves the design and construction of a controller node network and a remote node, so that the latter can be connected and can control common elements in a home (lights, fans, heating, etc.) and which, through sensors, is able to collect information of interest to the user (temperature, humidity, etc.). The controller node will have an internet connection and will serve as a gateway between the wireless home automation network and the Internet network. We shall develop a web application which provides a user interface to control the home automation system. The key element of the controller node is a card (called BeagleBone) with a microprocessor, where the developed software is running. Finally, the system is evaluated to verify that it works and that the project´s objectives have been met

Pneumonia treated in the internal medicine department: Focus on healthcare-associated pneumonia

Patients with pneumonia treated in the internal medicine department (IMD) are often at risk of healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP). The importance of HCAP is controversial. We invited physicians from 72 IMDs to report on all patients with pneumonia hospitalized in their department during 2weeks (one each in January and June 2010) to compare HCAP with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). We analysed 1002 episodes of pneumonia: 58.9% were CAP, 30.6% were HCAP and 10.4% were HAP. A comparison between CAP, HCAP and HAP showed that HCAP patients were older (77, 83 and 80.5years; p<0.001), had poorer functional status (Barthel 100, 30 and 65; p<0.001) and had more risk factors for aspiration pneumonia (18, 50 and 34%; p<0.001). The frequency of testing to establish an aetiological diagnosis was lower among HCAP patients (87, 72 and 79; p<0.001), as was adherence to the therapeutic recommendations of guidelines (70, 23 and 56%; p<0.001). In-hospital mortality increased progressively between CAP, HCAP and HAP (8, 19 and 27%; p<0.001). Streptococcus pneumoniae was the main pathogen in CAP and HCAP. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) caused 17 and 12.3% of HCAP. In patients with a confirmed aetiological diagnosis, the independent risk factors for pneumonia due do difficult-to-treat microorganisms (Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa or MRSA) were HCAP, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and higher Port Severity Index. Our data confirm the importance of maintaining high awareness of HCAP among patients treated in IMDs, because of the different aetiologies, therapy requirements and prognosis of this population. © 2011 The Authors. Clinical Microbiology and Infection © 2011 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases